All about acne

A chronic skin disorder in which there is inflammation of the sebaceous glands

at the base of hair follicles in the skin. 

TYPES :

The most common type of acne is sometimes known as acne vulgaris, which  almost always develops during puberty. Chemical acne is caused by exposure of the skin to certain chemicals and uo ils. This results in the development of acne in areas where the chemical has come into contact with the skin, such as on the thighs.

Certain prescribed drugs, such as corticosteroid drugs, can also cause acne.

CAUSE :

Acne spots are caused by the obstruction of hair follicles by excess sebum (the oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands). Bacteria multiply in the

follicle, causing inflammation. Hormonal changes at puberty, including

increased levels of androgen hormones (male sex hormones) in both males and

females, stimulate the production of sebum.There may also be a genetic   predisposition to acne.

SYMPTOMS:

Acne develops in areas in which there is a high concentration of sebaceous

glands, mainly the face, centre of the chest, upper back, shoulders, and around the neck. Milia (whiteheads),comedones (blackheads), nodules (firm swellings under the skin), and cysts (larger, fluid-filled swellings) are the most common types of spot. Some, particularly cystic spots, leave scars.

TREATMENT AND OUTLOOK:

 There is no instant cure for acne, although washing the affected areas at least twice a day with a mild soap may help to keep it under control. Over-thecounter topical drug treatments such as benzoyl peroxide or azelaic acid are often effective. Prescribed topical antibiotic drugs or retinoic acid (a derivative of vitamin A) are used to treat moderate acne. Alternative treatment is with oral antibiotics, often tetracycline drugs. In very severe cases, isotretinoin may be given under hospital supervision. In all cases, exposure to ultraviolet light (either natural or artificial) may also be beneficial. However, it is important not to burn the skin. Acne improves slowly over time, and it often clears up by the end of the teenage years.

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Mohammed Yacine Ben Mebarek is the Founder Of Medical Culture and an Editor In it